Electrocapacitive Deionization: Mechanisms, Electrodes, and Cell Designs

Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an emerging water desalination technology for removing different ionic species from water, which based on electric charge compensation by these charged species. CDI becoming popular because it more energy-efficient and cost-effective than other technologies, such as reverse osmosis distillation, specifically in dealing with brackish having low or moderate salt concentrations. Over the past decade, research field has witnessed significant advances used electrode materials, cell architectures, associated mechanisms applications. This review article first discusses ion storage/removal carbon Faradaic materials aided advanced situ analysis techniques computations. It then summarizes progress toward terms of structure, surface chemistry, composition. More still, architectures highlighting their design concepts. Finally, current challenges future directions are summarized to provide guidelines research.